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妙招擊破考研英語閱讀詞匯
詞匯(英語:vocabulary),是一種語言或方言中詞和固定語的總匯。下面是小編為大家收集的妙招擊破考研英語閱讀詞匯,僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。
考研閱讀文章詞義巧破解
詞匯的理解對考研閱讀的意義不言而喻。但個別詞不認識并不妨礙理解,有時遇到生詞還要學會跳過去。除了其他破解詞義的方法外,根據上下文的線索尋找等價或反義結構是一個很有效的方法。所謂等價結構,就是意義相同的結構。而反義結構就是意義相反的結構。對文章中的一個部分不理解時,可以根據這一部分的上下文判斷意義。上下文有時和不理解的部分構成同義關系,不理解部分的意義就是上下文的意義。反之,上下文有時和不理解部分構成反義關系,那么,不理解部分的意義就是上下文意義的反面。等價結構包含多種,本文主要介紹并列結構。一般而言,并列結構常表示并列的兩部分意義相同。本文討論的反義結構主要是包含連詞如but, while等的結構,它們常表示兩部分意義相反。下面以2005年考研閱讀的文章為例說明如何根據等價結構或反義結構把握句子意義。
一、等價結構
Text 1(2005)
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
[分析] 等價結構一:fat 呼應bigger
等價結構二:outraged=grievance(兩句之間是遞進結構)。
等價結構三:“all too human”=other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance(逗號之后為解釋)
And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
[分析] 等價結構:resentment=Indeed之前句子所表達的意思,因為Indeed表示遞進。
Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.
[分析] 等價結構:preserve= alone(由not…alone結構可知)。
However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
[分析] 等價結構:stems from=evolved(or連接并列結構)。
Text 3(2005)
And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.
[分析] 等價結構:harnessed=brought under conscious control(not only…but連接遞進結構)。
Text 4(2005)
Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.
[分析] 等價結構:no more regrettable=natural (and連接并列結構)
Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness.
[分析] 等價結構:genre=form(表語結構提示意義相同;實際上,genre與form之間是種屬關系,genre是一種form)
he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful
[分析] 等價結構:grieving=loss of something beautiful(對美麗事物的消失,一般應該感到惋惜,由此可知grieving的意思就是“惋惜”)。
二、反義結構
Text 1(2005)
when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers
[分析] 反義結構:separate 與adjoining意思相反(二者由but連接)
Text 4(2005)
While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s
[分析] 反義結構:elevated 與modestly意思相反(句首的while even提示相反意義)。
In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
[分析] 反義結構:spontaneity 與craft意思相反(over連接兩個相對或相反的方面)。
攻克考研英語閱讀詞匯的方法
單詞
1、黑詞--兩眼一抹黑的單詞
例如jargon,tedious,rear,plausible, deteriorate, isotope等。它們是閱讀理解中的一大障礙,是考生們必須攻克的難關?忌鷤兛梢栽谠~匯書上標注出此類詞語,繼而進行專門記憶,達到消滅黑詞的效果。
2、白詞--完全明白的單詞
考研詞匯中,有大量考生們熟知的白詞,例如:space,culture,able,benefit,topic,此類單詞可一帶而過。
3、灰詞--一知半解的單詞
除去黑詞和白詞,剩下的我們統(tǒng)一歸類為灰詞。
灰詞分為兩種,一種是似會不會的灰詞,如:tutor,treaty, saddle,sample, fuss等;一種是覺得會但其實并不全會的灰詞,如:spring、account、affect等。spring除了常知的春天的意思之外,還有泉水、彈簧的含義;account除了帳戶,還作原因;理由;解釋;說明;報告;占……解。affect除了愛,深情之外,還有做作……之義。背誦單詞時,一定要多看詞匯書中所給的例句,牢記其意義。
長難句
除單詞外,長難句也是考驗閱讀的攔路虎。攻克長難句猶如撒網捕魚,收網時應收緊網繩(綱),不要去亂抓網眼(目),做到綱舉目張,即先找句子的骨架(主+謂+賓),再解決修飾成份(定、狀等)。
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.
分析:
第一,句子的結構分析:
。1)主干結構是主語(Lord Irvine含同位語the Lord Chancellor)+將來時謂語(will introduce)+賓語(a draft bill);
。2)that引導的定語從句修飾draft bill,其中,will propose 是第一個謂語,making payments to witnesses illegal是一個動名詞短語做賓語,在動名詞短語內部,payments to witnesses做making的賓語,illegal是賓補;第二個謂語是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的賓語。that can be given to a case before a trial begins是孕含有一個時間狀語從句(before a trial begins)的定語從句,修飾publicity。
第二、劃出定語從句和狀語從句:
that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.
第三、劃出介詞短語:
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press.
大家切記,英語的句子中,主+謂+賓基本與中文一致,是按順序擺放的,而定、狀語經常倒著放,又長又多,比主、謂、賓要難很多。定、狀語放好了,句子才能看明白,想看懂閱讀理解中的長難句,語法基本功一定要扎實。
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